οἱ περὶ τὴν ὥραν χρόνοι

ὥρα or [full] ὤρα (B), only in [dialect] Ion. form [full] ὥρη, or [full] ὤρη, some part of a sacrificial victim,

A

λάψεται γλῶσσαν, ὀσφῦν δασέαν, ὤρην SIG1037.2

(Milet., iv/iii B.C.); τοὺς Ἴωνας λέγειν φασὶ τὴν κωλῆν ὥρην καὶ ὡραίαν Sch.HQ Od.12.89: but distd. fr. κωλῆ, λάψεται.. κωλῆν ἀντὶ τῆς ὤρης SIGl.c.5; cf. ἄωρος(B). (Perh. cogn. with Lat. sūra.)

------------------------------------

ὥρα (C), [dialect] Ion. [full] ὥρη, ἡ: [dialect] Ep. gen. pl. ὡράων, [dialect] Ion. ὡρέων: loc. pl. ὥρασι, q. v.

A any period, fixed by natural laws and revolutions, whether of the year, month, or day (the sense 'day' is implied in the compd. ἑπτάωρος, q. v.),

νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ X.Mem. 4.7.4

, cf. E.Alc. 449(lyr.), Pl.R. 527d;

τοῦ γνώμονος ἡ σκιὰ ἐπιοῦσα ἐπὶ τὰς γραμμὰς σημαίνει τὰς ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἡμέρας IG12(8).240

([place name] Samothrace): but specially,

I in Hom., part of the year, season; mostly in pl., the seasons,

ὅτε τέτρατον ἦλθεν ἔτος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι Od.2.107

, 19.152;

ἀλλ' ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο, ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος, καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι 11.295

, 14.294;

ἀλλ' ὅτε δή ῥ' ἐνιαυτὸς ἔην, περὶ δ' ἔτραπον ὧραι 10.469

, cf. Hes. Th. 58;

Διὸς ὧραι Od.24.344

, cf. Pi.O.4.2;

ὁ κύκλος τῶν ὡρέων ἐς τὠυτὸ περιιών Hdt.2.4

, cf. 1.32;

δυώδεκα μέρεα δασαμένους τῶν ὡρέων ἐς [τὸν ἐνιαυτόν] Id.2.4

; οὐ μεταλλάσσουσι αἱ ὧραι ib.77;

περιτελλομέναις ὥραις S.OT 156

(lyr.); πάσαις ὥραις at all seasons, Id.Fr.592.6 (lyr.), Ar.Av. 696 (anap.);

ὧραι ἐτῶν καὶ ἐνιαυτῶν Pl.Lg. 906c

, cf. Smp. 188a, etc.;

τῆς.. ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ταύτης οὔσης, ἐν ᾗ ἀσθενοῦσιν ἄνθρωποι μάλιστα Th.7.47

; χαλεπὴ ὥ. a bad season, Pl.Prt. 344d;

ἀ δ' ὤρα χαλέπα Alc.39

; ἡ ὥ. αὕτη this season, X.Cyn.7.1, cf. 5.6; κατὰ τὰς ὥρας according to the seasons, Arist.GA 786a31;

οἱ περὶ τὴν ὥραν χρόνοι Id.Pol. 1335a37

.—Hom. and Hes. distinguish three seasons, and express each by the sg. ὥρη, with a word added to specify each:

a spring,

ἔαρος.. ὥρη Il.6.148

;

ὥρη εἰαρινή 2.471

, 16.643, Od.18.367, etc.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦρος ὥρα or ὧραι, Ar.Nu. 1008 (anap.), E.Cyc. 508 (lyr.);

ὥρα νέα Ar.Eq. 419

;

νεᾶνις E.Ph. 786

(lyr.); v. infr. 2.

b summer,

θέρεος ὥρη Hes.Op. 584

, 664;

ὥρα θερινή X.Cyn.9.20

, Pl.Epin. 987a, etc.

c winter,

χείματος ὥρη Hes.Op. 450

;

ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ Od.5.485

, Hes.Op. 494; χειμῶνος ὥρᾳ in winter, And.1.137;

χιονοβόλος Plu.2.182e

.—A. also names three seasons, Pr. 454sq.; an Egyptian division of the year, acc. to D.S.1.26.—A fourth first appears in Alcm.76, θέρος καὶ χεῖμα κὠπώραν τρίταν καὶ τέτρατον τὸ ϝῆρ; and in Hp.Vict.3.68,

χειμών, ἦρ, θέρος, φθινόπωρον; ὥρας φαίνομεν ἡμεῖς ἦρος χειμῶνος ὀπώρας Ar.Av. 709

(anap.); τετράμορφοι ὧραι E(?).Fr. 943 (hex.): later, seven seasons are named,

ἔαρ, θέρος, ὀπώρα, φθινόπωρον, σπορητός, χειμών, φυταλιά Gal.17(1).17

.

2 esp. prime of the year, springtime,

ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Od.9.51

, cf. Il.2.468;

παρὰ τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν ὥραν Th.4.6

.

b in historians, the campaigning season,

τὸν τῆς ὥρας εἰς τὸν περίπλουν χρόνον X.HG6.2.13

; esp. in the phrase ὥρα ἔτους, Th.2.52, 6.70, Pl.Phdr. 229a, Lg. 952e, D.50.23, Thphr.CP3.23.2; εἰς ἔτους ὥραν next season, Plu.Per.10.

3 the year generally,

τῆς ὥρης μέσον θέρος Hdt.8.12

; ἐν τῇ πέρυσιν ὥρᾳ last year, D.56.3; εἰς ὥρας next year, Philem.116, Pl.Ep. 346c, LXX Ge.18.10, AP11.17 (Nicarch.), cf. Plu.Ages.22; also

εἰς ἄλλας ὥρας

hereafter,

E.IA 122

(lyr.);

ἐς τὰς ὥρας τὰς ἑτέρας Ar.Nu. 562

(lyr.);

ἐκ τῶν ὡρῶν εἰς τὰς ὥρας Id.Th. 950

(anap.); κἠς ὥρας κἤπειτα next year and for ever, Theoc.15.74; also

ὥραις ἐξ ὡρᾶν Isyll.25

; cf. ὥρασιν.

4 in pl., of the climate of a country, as determined by its seasons, Hdt.1.142, cf. 149, 4.199 (here perh. three harvest seasons);

τὰς ὥ. κάλλιστα κεκρημένας Id.3.106

; cf. Pl.Criti. 111e, Phd. 111b; climatic conditions, Hdt.2.26.

II time of day,

νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ h.Merc.67

, 155, 400; αἱ ὧ. τῆς ἡμέρας the times of day, i.e. morning, noon, evening, and night, X.Mem.4.3.4; δι' ὥραν ἡμέρας by the time of day (fixed for meetings), D.Prooem.49, etc.;

πᾶσαν ὥ. τῆς ἡμέρας Arist.Mete. 371b31

;

μεσονυκτίοις ποθ' ὥραις Anacreont.31.1

: without ἡμέρας or

νυκτός, ἑκάστης ἡμέρας μέχρι τρίτου μέρους ὥρας Pl. Lg. 784a

;

τῆς ὥρας μικρὸν πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου X.HG7.2.22

; ψευσθεὶς τῆς ὥ. having mistaken the hour, And.1.38; ἐποίησαν ἔξω μέσων νυκτῶν τὴν ὥραν, i.e. they prolonged the day beyond midnight, D.54.26;

τῆς ὥρας ἐγίγνετ' ὀψέ Id.21.84

;

ὀψίτερον τῆς ὥ. PTeb. 793 xi 12

(ii B. C.);

πολλῆς ὥρας

it being late,

Plb.5.8.3

;

ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35

; ἄχρι πολλῆς ὥρας till late in the day, D.H.2.54.

b duration, interval or lapse of time,

μετὰ ἱκανὴν ὥραν τοῦ κατενεχθῆναι τὸν πέλεκυν ἐξακούεται ἡ τῆς πληγῆς φωνή S.E.M.5.69

; length of time, term, Ἄρτεμις ἐννέ' ἐτῶν δεκάδας βίον Ἀρτεμιδώρῳ ἔκχρησεν, τρεῖς δ' ὥραι(date.)

ἔτι προσέθηκε Προνοίη IG12(3).1350.3

(Thera, ii B. C.); ἐπὶ πολλὴν ὥ. for a long time, J.AJ8.4.4.

2 the νυχθήμερον was prob. first divided into twenty-four hours by Hipparch., ἐν πόσαις ὥραις ἰσημεριναῖς (equinoctial hours)

ἕκαστον τῶν ἄστρων ἢ δύνει ἢ ἀνατέλλει 2.4.5

, cf. Ptol.Alm.3.9, 4.9, al.

b in ordinary life the day from sunrise to sunset was divided into twelve equal parts called ὧραι ( ὧραι καιρικαί when it was necessary to distinguish them from the ὧραι ἰσημεριναί, v. καιρικός 2 c),

ἡμέρα ἡ.. δωδεκάωρος, τουτέστιν ἡ ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς μέχρι δύσεως S.E.M.10.182

;

οὐχὶ δώδεκά εἰσιν ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας; Ev.Jo.11.9

;

ὡράων ἀμφὶ δυωδεκάδι AP9.782

(Paul.Sil.); the time of day was commonly given without the Art.,

ὥρᾳ ᾱ PHamb.1.96.3

(ii A. D.),

τρίτης ὥρας Plu.Rom.12

; ὀγδόης, ἐνάτης, δεκάτης ὥ., Id.Alex.60, Aem.22, Ant.68, etc.; but we have περὶ τὴν τρίτην ὥραν, περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην, Ev.Matt.20.3,6, beside περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐννάτην ὥ. ib.5;

χθὲς ὥραν ἑβδόμην Ev.Jo.4.52

, cf. IG5(1).1390.109 (Andania, i B. C.), etc.; ἐρωτᾷ σε Χαιρήμων δειπνῆσαι.. αὔριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε, ἀπὸ ὥρας θ ¯ - to-morrow the 15th at 9 o'clock, POxy.110 (ii A. D.): prov., δωδεκάτης ὥ., as we say 'at the eleventh hour', Plu.Crass.17.

c

τὰ δυώδεκα μέρεα τῆς ἡμέρης παρὰ Βαβυλωνίων ἔμαθον οἱ Ἕλληνες Hdt. 2.109

; here ἡμέρη means the νυχθήμερον, and the μέρεα were each = 2 ὧραι ἰσημεριναί; these double hours (Assyr. kaš-bu) are called ὧραι by Eudox.,

ἥμισυ ζῳδίου.., ὅ ἐστιν ὥρας ἥμισυ Ars14.11

, cf. 16.2; cf.

δωδεκάωρος 11

.

III Astrol., degree of the zodiac rising at the nativity (cf.

ὡρονόμος 11

,

ὡροσκόπος 11

), ὥ. μεροποσπόρος, τεκνοσπόρος, Man.4.577, 597; ἐξ ὥρης ἐσορῶν Ζεὺς Ἑρμείην Jupiter in the ascendant in aspect with Mercury, Id.3.186, cf. 32, al.

B the fitting time or season for a thing (mostly without Art., even in [dialect] Att.), freq. in Hom. (v. infr.);

ὥρα συνάπτει Pi.P.4.247

;

ὧραι ἐπειγόμεναι Id.N.4.34

;

ὅταν ὥ. ἥκῃ X.Mem.2.1.2

; but with Art.,

τῆς ὥ. ἐνθυμεῖσθαι Id.Cyn.8.6

: freq. in later writers,

τῆς ὥρας ἐπιγενομένης Plb.2.34.3

, etc.

2 c. gen. rei, ὥρη κοίτοιο, μύθων, ὕπνου, the time for bed, tale-telling, or sleep, Od.3.334, 11.379, cf. Hdt.1.10;

ὥρη δόρποιο Od.14.407

;

περὶ ἀρίστου ὥραν Th.7.81

, X.HG1.1.13;

πολυηράτου ἐς γάμου ὥρην Od.15.126

;

ἐς γάμου ὥρην ἀπικέσθαι Hdt. 6.61

;

γάμων ἔχειν ὥραν D.H.5.32

; so εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἥκουσα time for a husband, Pl.Criti. 113d; ὥρη ἀρότου, ἀμήτου, Hes.Op. 460, 575;

μέχρι ἀρότου ὥρης IG7.235.3

(Oropus, iv B. C.);

καρπῶν ὧραι Ar.Ra. 1034

(anap.);

ἡ ὥρα τῆς ὀχείας Arist.HA 509b20

; τοῦ φωλεύειν ib. 579a26, etc.; also ὥραν εἶχον παιδεύεσθαι I was of age to.. Is.9.28.

3 ὥρα [ἐστίν] c. inf., it is time to do a thing,

ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥρη εὕδειν Od.11.330

, cf. 373; so also in Trag. and [dialect] Att., E.Ph. 1584, Heracl. 288 (anap.), Ar.Ec.30, Pl.Prt. 361e, 362a; so

δοκεῖ οὐχ ὥρα εἶναι καθεύδειν X.An.1.3.11

, cf. HG7.2.13 (dub. l.): c. acc. et inf.,

ὥρα δ' ἐμπόρους καθιέναι ἄγκυραν A.Ch. 661

, cf. S.OT 466 (lyr.): c. dat. et inf., X.Cyr.4.5.1, Pl.Tht. 145b: in these phrases the inf. [tense] pres. is almost universal; the [tense] aor., however, occurs in Od.21.428, S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), Ar.Ach. 393 (where also ἐστί is added to ὥρα, as in Philyll.3, ἀφαιρεῖν ὥρα 'στὶν ἤδη τὰς τραπέζας); and the [tense] pf. in

ὥρα πεπαῦσθαι Plu.2.728d

: sts. the inf. must be supplied,

οὐδέ τί σε χρή, πρὶν ὥρη, καταλέχθαι Od.15.394

, cf. E.El. 112 (lyr.), Ar.Ec. 877; ὥρα κἠς οἶκον (i. e. ἰέναι εἰς οἶκον) Theoc.15.147.

4 in various adverb. usages,

τὴν ὥρην

at the right time,

Hdt.2.2

, 8.19, X.Oec.20.16: but τὴν ὥ. at that hour, Hes.Sc. 401; ταύτην τὴν ὥραν at this season, X.Cyn.9.1;

[ἡ ἶρις] πᾶσαν ὥραν γίγνεται τῆς ἡμέρας Arist.Mete. 371b31

;

δείελον ὥρην παύομαι ἀμήτοιο A.R. 3.417

; ὥραν οὐδενὸς κοινὴν θεῶν at an hour.., A.Eu. 109, cf. E.Ba. 724, Aeschin.1.9; αὐτῆς ὥρας immediately, PMich. in Class.Phil.22.255(iii A. D.); ἐν ὥρῃ in due season, in good time, Od.17.176, Hdt. 1.31, cf. Pi.O.6.28, Ar.V. 242, etc.; also αἰεὶ εἰς ὥρας in successive seasons, Od.9.135; ἐς τὰς ὥρας for all time, Ar.Ra. 382 (lyr. cf. supr. A. 1.3) (hence in an acclamation [ε] ἰς ὥρας πᾶσι τοῖς τὴν πόλιν φιλοῦσιν hurrah for.., POxy.41.29 (iii/iv A. D.));

οἱ ὧδε χέζοντες εἰς ὥ. μὴ ἔλθοιεν Milet.2(3)

No.406, cf.

ὥρασι; καθ' ὥραν Theoc.18.12

, Plb.1.45.4, cf. 3.93.6, etc.; opp.

παρ' ὥρην AP7.534

(Alex.Aet. or Autom.), cf. Plu.2.784b, etc.:—

πρὸ τῆς ὥρας X.Oec.20.16

;

πρὸ ὥρας Luc.Luct.13

;

πρὸ ὥρας τελευτῆσαι IG42(1).84.26

(Epid., i A. D.);

πρὶν ὥρας Pi.P.4.43

(cf.

πρίν A. 11.4

).

II metaph., the spring-time of life, the bloom of youth, Mimn.3.1;

ὥραν ἐχούσας A.Supp. 997

, cf. Th.13, 535;

παῖδας πρὸς τέρμασιν ὥρας Ar.Av. 705

(anap.);

πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ Pl.R. 474d

; οὐκ ἐνὥ., = πρεσβύτερος, Id.Phdr. 240d;

ἐὰν ἐπὶ ὥρᾳ ᾖ Id.R. 474e

;

ἕως ἂν ἐν ὥρᾳ ὦσι Id.Men. 76b

; παυσαμένου τῆς ὥ. prob. in Id.Phdr. 234a;

ἀνθεῖν ἐν ὥ. Id.R. 475a

;

τὴν ὥ. διαφυλάξαι ἄβατον τοῖς πονηροῖς Isoc.10.58

; λήγειν ὥρας, opp. ἀνθεῖν, Pl.Alc.1.131e;

ἑς ἐπιγινόμενόν τι τέλος, οἷον τοῖς ἀκμαίοις ἡ ὥρα Arist.EN 1174b33

, cf. 1157a8.

2 freq. involving an idea of beauty,

φεῦ φεῦ τῆς ὥρας τοῦ κάλλους Ar.Av. 1724

(lyr.);

ὥρᾳ.. ἡλικίας λαμπρός Th.6.54

;

κάλλει καὶ ὥρᾳ διενεγκόντες Aeschin.1.134

, cf. ib.158;

καλὸς ὥρᾳ τε κεκραμένος Pi.O.10(11).104

, cf. X.Mem. 2.1.22, Pl.Lg. 837b;

ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι

quaestum corpore facere,

Plu.

Tim..14, cf. X.Mem..1.6.13, Smp.8.21;

τὴν ὥ. πεπωληκότες Phld.Rh.1.344

S.:—then,

b generally, beauty, grace, elegance of style, D.H.Pomp.2, Plu.2.874b, etc.;

γλυκύτης καὶ ὥ. Hermog.Id.2.3

, cf. Men.Rh.p.335 S., Him.Or.1.2; of beauty in general,

χάρις καὶ ὥρα Plu.2.128d

.

3 Ὥρα personified, like Ἥβη, Pi.N.8.1.

III = τὰ ὡραῖα, the produce of the season, fruits of the year,

ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐτρέφοντο X.HG2.1.1

.

C personified, αἱὯραι, the Hours, keepers of heaven's cloudgate, Il.5.749, 8.393; and ministers of the gods, ib. 433;

Ζεῦ, τεαὶ.. Ὧραι Pi.O.4.2

; esp. of Aphrodite, h.Hom.6.5,12; also Ὧ. Διονυσιάδες, Καρνειάδες, Simon.148, Call.Ap.87; three in number, Eunomia, Dike, Eirene, daughters of Zeus and Themis, Hes.Th. 901;

Ωραι πολυάνθεμοι Pi.O.13.17

, cf. Alex.261.6, Theoc.1.150, etc.: freq. joined with the Χάριτες, h.Ap. 194, Hes.Op.75; worshipped at Athens, Paus.9.35.1; at Argos, Id.2.20.5; at Attaleia, BMus.Inscr. 1044 (i B. C.).

καθήκω, [dialect] Ion. [full] κατήκω, (v. ἥκω)

A come or go down, esp. to fight, A. Ch. 455 (lyr.).

2 come down to, reach to,

ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt.7.22

, 130; ἐπὶ θάλ. Id.2.32, 5.49, Th.2.27;

πρὸς τὸν Μηλιακὸν κόλπον Id.3.96

; κέρκος.. εἰς λεπτὸν καθήκουσα tapering away, Arist.HA 503a20: metaph., of descent, ὃ [ γένος] εἰς αὐτὸν κ. Arr.An.1.11.8.

3 come in due course to any one, καθῆκεν ἐς ἡμᾶς ὁ λόγος the turn of speaking came to us, Aeschin.2.25;

παρὰ τετάρτην ἡμέραν ἑκάστῃ σημαίᾳ καθήκειν τὴν λειτουργίαν Plb.6.33.9

, cf. PCair.Zen.218.24 (iii B.C.);

τῆς βολῆς καθηκούσης ἐς αὐτόν Plu.Alc.2

;

ἐν τῷ ξυμποσίῳ.. ἐπὶ τὸν Θεσμόπολιν καθῆκε τὸ σκῶμμα Luc.Merc.Cond.34

.

4 of Time,

ὁπότε καθήκοι ὁ Χρόνος X.HG4.7.2

;

ὅταν οἱ Χρόνοι καθήκωσι Arist. HA 591a8

;

πρότερον ἢ τὴν ὥραν καθήκειν PRev.Laws41.14

(iii B.C.); in part., τοῦ καθήκοντος Χρόνου the normal time, S.OT75, D.4.35, cf. Aeschin.3.126; αἱ κ. ἡμέραι the regular, proper days, D.59.80;

ἐν τῇ κ. ὥρᾳ Arist.HA 568a17

; ἐν τοῖς κ. καιροῖς ib. 573a30; of events, ἑορτῆς εἰς τὰς ἡμέρας ἐκείνας καθηκούσης as the festival fell on those days, Plu.Fab.18, cf. Plb.4.7.1; ἐκκλησίαν ποιῆσαι, ὅταν ἐκ τῶν νόμων καθήκῃ when it is legally due, D.19.185; ἡ κ. σύνοδος or ἐκκλησία, Plb.4.14.1, 1.15.8, etc.

II to be meet, fit, proper, τοῖς κ. [ νομίμοις] Arist.Pol. 1325a13; τὰς ἐσθῆτας τὰς κ. ἀεὶ ταῖς περιθεταῖς suiting them, Plb.3.78.3; ὁ καθήκων ἐκ τῶν νομίμων ἀριθμός a quorum, D.C.39.30; also

καθῆκόν ἐστιν αὐτὸν ἐπαινεῖσθαι Inscr.Prien.114.32

(i B.C.).

2 impers., καθήκει μοι it belongs to me, is my duty, c. inf.,

οἷς καθήκει ἁθροίζεσθαι X.An.1.9.7

, cf. Cyr.8.1.4, etc.: in later writers, [tense] impf. καθῆκε in [tense] pres. sense, it is meet, proper, οὐδ' ἅψασθαι καθῆκέ τινων Aristeas 149;

οὐ κ. αὐτὸν ζῆν Act.Ap.22.22

: freq. in part., τὰ καθήκοντα one's due or duty, X.Cyr.1.2.5;

τὰ κατήκοντα Σπαρτιήτῃσι Hdt.7.104

; ποιεῖν τὸ κ. Men.575: esp. in Stoic philos. (from signf.1.3 acc. to D.L.7.108, cf.

κατά B.1.3

), περὶ τοῦ κ., title of work by Zeno, cf. Stoic.1.55, etc.: freq. in pl., ib.3.30, etc.; μὴ κ. unbecoming, Ep.Rom.1.28.

3 τὰ κατήκοντα the present crisis, Hdt. 1.97, 5.49;

τὰ κ. πρήγματα Id.8.19

,40, 102.

b τὰ καθήκοντα the payments due, UPZ42.15 (ii B.C.); τὴν -ουσαν ἡμῖν δίδοσθαι σύνταξιν τῶν δεόντων ib.6.

4 Adv. [tense] pres. part. καθηκόντως fittingly, properly, Epicur.Ep.2p.53U., OGI90.28(Rosetta, ii B.C.), Plb.5.9.6, v.l. in D.S.1.93;

πρός τι Porph.Abst.1.43

; consistently with duty, Stoic.3.188, Plu.2.448e; appropriately, c. dat., τῷ τόπῳ Aristeas 81;

κ. ἔχειν πρός τι Id.87

.

III τὸ καθῆκον the precise proportion, Thphr.Lap.46.

καιρός, οῦ, ὁ (Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① a point of time or period of time, time, period, freq. with implication of being esp. fit for someth. and without emphasis on precise chronology

ⓐ gener. (cp. Just., D. 32, 4 τὸν γὰρ καιρὸν [Da 7:26] ἑκατὸν ἔτη ἐξηγεῖσθε λέγεσθαι) κ. δεκτός a welcome time 2 Cor 6:2a (Is 49:8); cp. vs. 2b. καιροὶ χαλεποί difficult times 2 Ti 3:1. In ref. to times of crisis for the state λοιμικοῦ καιροῦ 1 Cl 55:1 (s. JFischer ad loc. note 322) καιροὶ καρποφόροι fruitful times or seasons (so Achmes 156, 15f: καρποφόρος is the καιρός in which the tree bears fruit, in contrast to late autumn, when there is no more) Ac 14:17 (OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f proposes, on the basis of Mod. Gk., the mng., ‘weather’, but the pl. is against this mng.). καιροὶ ἐαρινοί 1 Cl 20:9.—ἔσται καιρὸς ὅτε there will come a time when 2 Ti 4:3; εἰς τίνα ἢ ποῖον κ. to what time or what sort of time (some, e.g. NRSV, interpret τίνα=the person, but cp. PTebt 25, 18 [117 B.C.] καὶ διὰ τίνος καὶ ἀπὸ ποίου ἐπιδείγματος; s. ποῖος 1aα, also ποτατός) 1 Pt 1:11. ἄχρι καιροῦ until (another) time, for a while Lk 4:13; Ac 13:11; ἐν καιρῷ ὀλίγῳ in a little time 1 Cl 23:4; ἐν παντὶ κ. at all times, always (Aristot. 117a, 35; Sir 26:4) Lk 21:36; Eph 6:18; Hm 5, 2, 3. κατὰ καιρόν from time to time, regularly (TestJob 36:4; Lucian, Hermot. 10; Plut., Mor. 984d) J 5:4 (s. 2 also); 1 Cl 24:2; GJs 3:3; πρὸς κ. for a limited time (perh. also for the present moment; cp. Strabo 6, 2, 3; Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 23; BGU 265, 20 [II A.D.]; 618, 19; 780, 14; Wsd 4:4; Philo, Post. Cai. 121; Jos., Bell. 6, 190; Tat. 13, 1) Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 7:5. πρὸς καιρὸν ὥρας (a combination of πρὸς κ. and πρὸς ὥραν [2 Cor 7:8; Gal 2:5; Phlm 15; J 5:35]) for a short time (cp. our ‘for a short space of time’) 1 Th 2:17.

ⓑ a moment or period as especially appropriate the right, proper, favorable time ἐν καιρῷ at the right time (X., An. 3, 1, 39; Diod S 36, 7, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 8 §29; SIG 1268 [Praecepta Delphica II, 6; III B.C.]) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42 (cp. on both Ps 103:27, w. v.l.). καιρῷ (Thu. 4, 59, 3 v.l.; Diog. L. 1, 41) Lk 20:10 (v.l. ἐν κ.). τῷ καιρῷ Mk 12:2. ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμός, ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος the proper time for me (you) J 7:6, 8 (Eunap., Vi. Iambl. p. 459 Didot: the worker of miracles acts ὅταν καιρὸς ᾖ). νῦν κ. ταῦτα ὑμᾶς μαθεῖν οὐκ ἔστιν now is not the time for you to learn this AcPl Ha 1, 26 (Just., D. 8, 1 ἃ νῦν κ. οὐκ ἔστι λέγειν al.).—καιρὸν λαβεῖν find a favorable time, seize the opportunity (Lysias, C. Agor. 6; Cleanthes [III B.C.]: Stoic. I no. 573; Diod S 2, 6, 5; EpArist 248; Jos., Bell. 1, 527, Ant. 4, 10; cp. PTebt 332, 9). καιρὸν μεταλαβεῖν (s. μεταλαμβάνω 2) Ac 24:25. λαβεῖν κ. εὔθετον find a convenient opportunity Pol 13:1. κ. ἔχειν have opportunity (Thu. 1, 42, 3; Pla., Ep. 7, 324b; Plut., Lucull. 501 [16, 4]; PFlor 259, 3; 1 Macc 15:34; Jos., Ant. 16, 73; 335; Ath., R. 23 p. 77, 6; Did., Gen. 112, 10) Gal 6:10; Hb 11:15; 2 Cl 16:1; ISm 9:1; IRo 2:1. ὀλίγον καιρὸν ἔχειν Rv 12:12. ἐξαγοράζεσθαι τὸν κ. make the most of the opportunity Col 4:5; Eph 5:16 (s. ἐξαγοράζω 2). On Ro 12:11 v.l. s. δουλεύω 2aβ and b. κατὰ κ. Ro 5:6 is more naturally construed with ἀπέθανεν than with ἀσεβῶν (cp. κατὰ καιρὸν θεριζόμενος reaped in its proper time Job 5:26).—The concept of the appropriate time oft. blends with that of

② a defined period for an event. definite, fixed time. Abs. καιροί festal seasons (Ex 23:14, 17; Lev 23:4.—So perh. also beside θυσίαι in the Ins de Sinuri ed. LRobert ’45 no. 42) Gal 4:10 (κ. w. ἡμέρα as Polyaenus 8, 23, 17). τὰς τῶν καιρῶν ἀλλαγὰς καταδιαιρεῖν … ἃ μὲν εἰς ἑορτάς, ἃς δὲ εἰς πένθη to set up periods of fasting and mourning in accord with changes in seasons Dg 4:5.—Not infreq. w. a gen., which indicates the reason why the time is set apart (Pla., Leg. 4, 709c χειμῶνος καιρός; Aesop, Fab. 258 P.=255 H-H./206 Ch. ἀπολογίας κ., also oft. LXX; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 191 κ. εὐφροσύνης; Jos., Ant. 18, 74; Tat. 36, 1 κατʼ ἐκεῖνον αὐτὸν … τὸν τοῦ πολέμου κ.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 27 κ. τῆς παρουσίας; Did., Gen. 175, 2 κ. τοῦ ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν) κ. θερισμοῦ time of harvest Mt 13:30 (JosAs 2:19). κ. τῶν καρπῶν time when the fruit is ripe 21:34; cp. vs. 41. κ. σύκων time when the figs are ripe Mk 11:13 (ParJer 5:31; cp. Horapollo 2, 92 ὁ κ. τῶν ἀμπέλων). κ. μετανοίας time for repentance 2 Cl 8:2. κ. πειρασμοῦ Lk 8:13b. ὁ κ. τῆς ἀναλύσεως the time of death 2 Ti 4:6. κ. ἐπισκοπῆς σου Lk 19:44. κ. διορθώσεως Hb 9:10. κ. ἡλικίας 11:11. κ. τῆς ἡγεμονίας Ποντίου Πιλάτου the time of the procuratorship of P. P. IMg 11. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου at the time of martyrdom EpilMosq 2 (cp. Mel., HE 4, 26, 3 ᾧ Σάγαρις καιρῷ ἐμαρτύρησεν). ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ καιρῷ (Num 9:7) 2 Th 2:6. ὁ κ. αὐτῶν the time set for the fulfillment of Gabriel’s words Lk 1:20; cp. Dg 11:5 (s. διαγγέλλω 2). ὁ κ. μου my time=the time of my death Mt 26:18. κ. τοῦ ἰαθῆναι time to be healed 2 Cl 9:7. κ. τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα 1 Pt 4:17; cp. the extraordinary ἦλθεν ὁ κ. τῶν νεκρῶν κριθῆναι καὶ δοῦναι = ἵνα κριθῶσιν οἱ νεκροὶ καὶ δῷς Rv 11:18.—Pl. (Num 9:3 κατὰ καιρούς; Tob 14:4 S πάντα συμβήσεται τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν; Heraclit. Sto. 11 p. 18, 18=the periods of time between; Maximus Tyr. 1, 2f πολλοὶ κ.; TestNapht 7:1 δεῖ ταῦτα πληρωθῆναι κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς αὐτῶν; Ar. 4, 2 κατὰ καιρούς) καιροὶ ἐθνῶν times of the Gentiles (in which they may inflict harm on God’s people or themselves be converted) Lk 21:24.—κατὰ καιρόν at the appropriate time (Arrian, Anab. 4, 5, 1; PSI 433, 4 [261 B.C.]; Just., A I, 19, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 3) J 5:4; 1 Cl 56:15 (Job 5:26). Also ἐν καιρῷ (Himerius, Or 13 [Ecl. 14], 3): ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ B 11:6, 8 (Ps 1:3). καιρῷ ἰδίῳ in due time Gal 6:9. Pl. καιροῖς ἰδίοις at the right time 1 Ti 2:6; 6:15; Tit 1:3; cp. 1 Cl 20:4 (Just., D. 131, 4 πρὸ τῶν ἰδίων κ.).—κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον καιρόν vs. 10.—πεπλήρωται ὁ κ. the time (determined by God) is fulfilled Mk 1:15. Pl. (cp. Ps 103:19) ὁρίσας προστεταγμένους καιρούς he (God) has determined allotted times (MDibelius, SBHeidAk ’38/39, 2. Abh. p. 6f, ‘seasons’; cp. 1QM 10, 12–15; FMussner, Einige Parallelen [Qumran and Areopagus speech], BZ 1, ’57, 125–30) Ac 17:26; cp. κατὰ καιροὺς τεταγμένους 1 Cl 40:1; ὡρισμένοις καιροῖς καὶ ὥραις vs. 2; τοῖς προστεταγμένοις κ. vs. 4.

③ a period characterized by some aspect of special crisis, time

ⓐ gener.: the present (time) Ro 13:11; 12:11 v.l. ὁ καιρός (i.e. the crisis involving Christians) ἀπαιτεῖ σε the times call upon you IPol 2:3 (Diod S 17, 27, 2 ὑπὸ τῶν καιρῶν προεκλήθησαν=they were called out by the [critical circumstances of the] times). Also ὁ νῦν κ. (PSI 402, 7 [III B.C.] ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ) Ro 3:26; 8:18; 11:5; 2 Cor 8:14; B 4:1. κ. ὁ νῦν τῆς ἀνομίας the present godless time 18:2 (s. also b below). ὁ κ. ὁ ἐνεστηκώς (Polyb. 1, 60, 9; Jos., Ant. 16, 162) Hb 9:9; ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ κ. at that time, then (Gen 21:22; Is 38:1; τῷ κ. ἐκείνῳ TestSol D 8, 2) Mt 11:25; 12:1; 14:1; cp. Eph 2:12. Also κατʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν κ. (Jos., Ant. 1, 171, Vi. 49; GJs 10:2.—Diod S 2, 27, 1 and Vi. Aesopi G 81 P. κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς καιρούς=at that time. Cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 10.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. ἔτι κατὰ καιρὸν ὑπὲρ ἀσεβῶν for those who at that time were still godless Ro 5:6, though κατὰ κ. here prob.=at the right time, as in mng. 1b above (s. B-D-F §255, 3). τῷ τότε τῆς ἀδικίας καιρῷ … τὸν νῦν τῆς δικαιοσύνης Dg 9:1; cp. 9:2. Of the future κατὰ τ. καιρὸν τοῦτον at this time Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10, 14). Cp. EpilMosq 2 in 2 above. ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ κ. just at that time (2 Esdr 5:3) Lk 13:1. W. attraction of the relative ἐν ᾧ κ. at that time, then Ac 7:20. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ὸ̔ν καὶ πέρυσι at the same time as in the year preceding Hv 2, 1, 1.

ⓑ One of the chief terms relating to the endtime: ὁ καιρός the time of crisis, the last times (FBusch, Z. Verständnis d. synopt. Eschatol. Mk 13 neu untersucht ’38; GDelling, D. Zeitverständn. des NTs ’40; WMichaelis, D. Herr verzieht nicht d. Verheissung ’42; WKümmel, Verheissung. u. Erfüllung ’45,³ ’56; OCullmann, Christus u. d. Zeit ’46 [tr. FFilson, Christ and Time ’50, 39–45; 79; 121]) ὁ κ. ἤγγικεν Lk 21:8. ὁ κ. ἐγγύς Rv 1:3; 22:10. οὐκ οἴδατε πότε ὁ καιρός ἐστιν Mk 13:33. Cp. Ro 13:11 (s. 3a above) if it is to be interpreted as eschatological (cp. Plut., Mor. 549f). πρὸ καιροῦ before the endtime and the judgment Mt 8:29; 1 Cor 4:5. ἐν καιρῷ 1 Pt 5:6. Also ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ 1:5; D 16:2. Pl. πλήρωμα τῶν καιρῶν Eph 1:10. ἐπηρώτων … περὶ τῶν καιρῶν, εἰ ἤδη συντέλειά ἐστιν Hv 3, 8, 9. τὰ σημεῖα τ. καιρῶν the signs of the (Messianic) times Mt 16:3. τοὺς καιροὺς καταμάνθανε learn to understand the times IPol 3:2 (s. WBauer, Hdb. Suppl. vol. ad loc.) The Messianic times described as καιροὶ ἀναψύξεως Ac 3:20.—ἔσχατοι καιροί (or ὕστεροι καιροί 1 Ti 4:1) come before the ἔσχατος κ. IEph 11:1 (cp. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων κ. AcPl Ha 8, 26 [restoration is certain=Ox 1601, 40/BMM recto 34]); χρόνοι ἢ καιροί times and seasons (cp. Iren. 1, 17, 2 [Harv. I 168, 9] and καιρῶν κατὰ χρόνους ἀλλαγή Theoph. Ant. 1, 6 [p. 70, 1]; Artem. 4, 2 p. 203, 25f the χρόνος is divided into καιροὶ καὶ ὧραι), which must be completed before the final consummation Ac 1:7 (Straton of Lamps. in FWehrli, Die Schule des Aristoteles, V Fgm. 10, 32f κατὰ τοὺς καιροὺς καὶ τοὺς χρόνους; quoted in JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62, 33; see also Diog. L. 5, 64); cp. 1 Th 5:1. συντέμνειν τοὺς καιρούς shorten the (last) times B 4:3. Sim. in sg. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν 1 Cor 7:29.—The expr. καιρὸν καὶ καιροὺς κ. ἥμισυ καιροῦ also belongs to the eschatol. vocab.; it means the apocalyptic time of 1 + 2 + ½ = 3½ years, during which acc. to Da 12:7 (cp. 7:25) a tyrranical enemy of God and God’s people is to reign on earth Rv 12:14 (in imagery of a serpentine monster, δράκων)—ὁ κ. οὗτος the present age (cp. αἰών 2a) Mk 10:30; Lk 12:56; 18:30. Also ὁ νῦν κ. B 4:1. As ruled by the devil: ὁ ἄνομος κ. 4:9. καταργεῖν τὸν κ. τοῦ ἀνόμου destroy the age of the lawless one 15:5. The soul seeks και[ρο]ῦ χρόνου αἰ̣ῶ̣νος ἀνάπαυσιν ἐ̣[ν] σιγῇ peace in silence, at the time of the aeon crisis GMary 463, 1.—On Dg 12:9 s. the editions of vGebh.-Harnack and Bihlmeyer.—JMánek, NTS 6, ’59, 45–51; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time, ’62.—B. 954. Schmidt, Syn. II 54–72. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.